Tooth Decay

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What Are Dental Cavities/Tooth decay?

Cavities are damaged areas in the hard outer layer (enamel) of teeth caused by acids produced by bacteria. They form small openings or holes due to decay from plaque buildup, leading to tooth deterioration if untreated. Proper oral hygiene and dental care help prevent and treat cavities.

Tooth decay happens when mouth bacteria convert sugars into acids that dissolve enamel and dentin. Untreated, it spreads toward the nerve (pulp), causing pain, infection, and tooth loss. Early decay can be remineralised; deeper decay needs restorative treatment.

Signs & Symptoms

  • White, brown, or black spots on teeth
  • Food lodgement, rough edges, floss tearing
  • Sensitivity to sweets / cold / heat
  • Pain on biting or lingering pain after stimuli
  • Bad breath or a “hole” you can see/feel

Frequently Asked Questions

No. Many early cavities are painless. Pain typically starts when decay nears the nerve—earlier treatment is simpler and cheaper.

Only very early white-spot lesions can remineralise with fluoride and diet changes. Once there’s a hole, it needs a filling.

These are common and often invisible without X-rays. We use bitewing X-rays and treat with conservative fillings when small.

Modern composites bond strongly and match your tooth shade. With good hygiene and bite balance, they last many years.

Yes, at the crown–tooth margin if plaque accumulates. A well-sealed crown and daily flossing protect it.